including for application portability.</P
></TD
></TR
></TABLE
></DIV
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><HR><H2
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="REQUIREMENTS"
>Requirements</A
></H2
><P
>The following directories, or symbolic links to directories, are
required in <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/</TT
>.</P
><DIV
CLASS="INFORMALTABLE"
><P
></P
><A
NAME="AEN169"
></A
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
FRAME="void"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Directory</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>bin</TT
></TD
><TD
>Essential command binaries</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>boot</TT
></TD
><TD
>Static files of the boot loader</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>dev</TT
></TD
><TD
>Device files</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>etc</TT
></TD
><TD
>Host-specific system configuration</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>lib</TT
></TD
><TD
>Essential shared libraries and kernel modules</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>media</TT
></TD
><TD
>Mount point for removeable media</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>mnt</TT
></TD
><TD
>Mount point for mounting a filesystem temporarily</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>opt</TT
></TD
><TD
>Add-on application software packages</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>sbin</TT
></TD
><TD
>Essential system binaries</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>srv</TT
></TD
><TD
>Data for services provided by this system</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>tmp</TT
></TD
><TD
>Temporary files</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>usr</TT
></TD
><TD
>Secondary hierarchy</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>var</TT
></TD
><TD
>Variable data</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
></DIV
><P
>Each directory listed above is specified in detail in separate
subsections below. <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/usr</TT
> and
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/var</TT
> each have a complete section in this
document due to the complexity of those directories.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><HR><H2
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="SPECIFICOPTIONS"
>Specific Options</A
></H2
><P
>The following directories, or symbolic links to directories,
must be in <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/</TT
>, if the corresponding subsystem is
installed:</P
><DIV
CLASS="INFORMALTABLE"
><P
></P
><A
NAME="AEN235"
></A
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
FRAME="void"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Directory</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>home</TT
></TD
><TD
>User home directories (optional)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>lib<qual></TT
></TD
><TD
>Alternate format essential shared libraries (optional)</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>root</TT
></TD
><TD
>Home directory for the root user (optional)</TD
></TR
></TBODY
></TABLE
><P
></P
></DIV
><P
>Each directory listed above is specified in detail in separate
subsections below.</P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><HR><H2
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="BINESSENTIALUSERCOMMANDBINARIES"
>/bin : Essential user command binaries (for use by all users)</A
></H2
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><H3
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="PURPOSE3"
>Purpose</A
></H3
><P
><TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/bin</TT
> contains commands that may be used by
both the system administrator and by users, but which are required
when no other filesystems are mounted (e.g. in single user mode). It
may also contain commands which are used indirectly by scripts.
<A
NAME="AEN261"
HREF="#FTN.AEN261"
><SPAN
CLASS="footnote"
>[1]</SPAN
></A
></P
></DIV
><DIV
CLASS="SECTION"
><HR><H3
CLASS="SECTION"
><A
NAME="REQUIREMENTS2"
>Requirements</A
></H3
><P
>There must be no subdirectories in
<TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/bin</TT
>.</P
><P
>The following commands, or symbolic links to commands, are
required in <TT
CLASS="FILENAME"
>/bin</TT
>.</P
><DIV
CLASS="INFORMALTABLE"
><P
></P
><A
NAME="AEN272"
></A
><TABLE
BORDER="0"
FRAME="void"
CLASS="CALSTABLE"
><COL><COL><THEAD
><TR
><TH
>Command</TH
><TH
>Description</TH
></TR
></THEAD
><TBODY
><TR
><TD
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>cat</B
></TD
><TD
>Utility to concatenate files to standard output</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>chgrp</B
></TD
><TD
>Utility to change file group ownership</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>chmod</B
></TD
><TD
>Utility to change file access permissions</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>chown</B
></TD
><TD
>Utility to change file owner and group</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>cp</B
></TD
><TD
>Utility to copy files and directories</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>date</B
></TD
><TD
>Utility to print or set the system data and time</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>dd</B
></TD
><TD
>Utility to convert and copy a file</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>df</B
></TD
><TD
>Utility to report filesystem disk space usage</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>dmesg</B
></TD
><TD
>Utility to print or control the kernel message buffer</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>echo</B
></TD
><TD
>Utility to display a line of text</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>false</B
></TD
><TD
>Utility to do nothing, unsuccessfully</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>hostname</B
></TD
><TD
>Utility to show or set the system's host name</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>kill</B
></TD
><TD
>Utility to send signals to processes</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>ln</B
></TD
><TD
>Utility to make links between files</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>login</B
></TD
><TD
>Utility to begin a session on the system</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>ls</B
></TD
><TD
>Utility to list directory contents</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>mkdir</B
></TD
><TD
>Utility to make directories</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>mknod</B
></TD
><TD
>Utility to make block or character special files</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>more</B
></TD
><TD
>Utility to page through text</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>mount</B
></TD
><TD
>Utility to mount a filesystem</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>mv</B
></TD
><TD
>Utility to move/rename files</TD
></TR
><TR
><TD
><B
CLASS="COMMAND"
>ps</B
></TD